Session 8

Pipe ceremonies again differ from tribe to tribe even from one person to the next within their own tribe. Pipes and ceremony are given as gifts to certain people. ​Prior to the start of the ceremony, the Elder’s helper will go around the offer you to smudge yourself; this symbolizes the purification of your mind, body, and spirit. The Elder will share a few words of welcome and will then use own language to offer prayer. ​

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Learners will receive their final Certificate after completing the Indigenous Studies Program. To conclude this celebration, a Feast will take place.